Introduction to Scrophulariaceae Plant Family

The Scrophulariaceae plant family, often referred to as the figwort family, is a diverse group of flowering plants. It comprises approximately 3000 species distributed across 200 genera.

The family is well-represented in Australian amenity horticulture, with numerous species valued for their aesthetic appeal and adaptability to local conditions.

Characteristics of Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae plants can be herbaceous or woody, annual or perennial, and are known for their irregularly shaped flowers. Their leaves are typically simple, without compound leaflets.

The diversity within the Scrophulariaceae family is remarkable, spanning from ground covers like myoporum to vibrant shrubs such as buddleja. If you’re enhancing biodiversity in your gardens and landscapes, this family is an excellent choice to look into.

Figwort family members commonly feature bisexual flowers that are irregular in shape, generally featuring 5 fused sepals and petals (though sometimes there are only 4 of each).

These flowers are sometimes two-lipped, with a pair of lobes on the upper part and three on the lower. The stamens, usually numbering four or five, often come in two sets, with an additional shortened fifth stamen sometimes present.

The ovary is superiorly positioned and comprises two fused carpels, with partition walls creating two chambers. It generally matures into a capsule filled with numerous seeds.

The dried style of the pistil can frequently be seen at the capsule’s tip. This family can be difficult to distinguish from other lookalike families, so use a plant key to cross reference if possible.

Source: https://www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com/

Myoporum

Myoporum is a genus within the Scrophulariaceae family, predominantly comprised of evergreen shrubs and trees.

Notable species commonly found in Australia include Myoporum parvifolium, known for its fast-growing ground cover, and myoporum insulare, valued for its hardiness and adaptability.

Myoporum holds immense value in Australian amenity horticulture. Its rapid growth and dense foliage make it an effective ground cover, helping to prevent soil erosion and suppress weed growth.

Moreover, its hardiness allows it to thrive in various environmental conditions, making it an ideal choice for low-maintenance landscaping.

Buddleja

Buddleja, also known as butterfly bush, is a genus in the Scrophulariaceae family. This genus contains over 100 species of flowering plants. Though not native to Australia, certain species like Buddleja davidii have become popular in Australian gardens.

Buddleja is valued in horticulture for their robustness and beautiful, aromatic flowers that attract butterflies. They’re often used as ornamental plants in gardens and landscapes, offering an array of vibrant colours.

Diascia

Diascia, another member of the Scrophulariaceae family, is a genus of about 70 species of annuals and perennials. Diascia species are native to southern Africa but have found a place in Australian gardens.

Diascias, with their delicate flowers and sprawling habit, are excellent for hanging baskets, containers, and borders in the garden. They offer a long season of bloom, providing color and charm to the landscape.

Leucophyllum

Leucophyllum, commonly known as Texas sage, is a genus of flowering shrubs in the Scrophulariaceae family. While native to North America, they’re appreciated in Australian landscapes for their drought tolerance and prolific blooms.

Leucophyllum species are low-maintenance, drought-resistant plants that produce vibrant purple flowers. They’re ideal for xeriscaping and provide excellent foliage contrast in garden designs.

Eremophila

Eremophila is a genus of more than 200 species, all of which are endemic to Australia. Species like Eremophila maculata and Eremophila nivea are commonly found across the continent, appreciated for their stunning flowers and resilience.

Eremophila plants attract native birds and other pollinators with their flowers, thus promoting biodiversity. On top of that, many varieties are drought-tolerant, making them a sustainable choice for Australian landscapes.

Phygelius

Phygelius, also known as Cape Fuchsia, is a small genus in the Scrophulariaceae family. Native to South Africa, these plants are grown in Australia for their attractive tubular flowers.

Phygelius plants are appreciated for their showy flower clusters that add a splash of colour to gardens. They’re often used in borders, containers, or as an accent plant, bringing a unique aesthetic to the landscape.

Daniel’s Wrap

The Scrophulariaceae family holds a pivotal place in Australian amenity horticulture, providing diverse options for enhancing both the aesthetics and environmental value of landscapes.

If you’re trying to diversify your plant palette, I encourage you to further explore these remarkable plants.